Read more about the article How Wealthy People Save on Taxes—Can Regular People Do the Same? – Annapolis and Towson Estate Planning

How Wealthy People Save on Taxes—Can Regular People Do the Same? – Annapolis and Towson Estate Planning

As a direct result of tax cuts made in recent years, Americans can give nearly $13 million in assets without paying any federal estate taxes. Only 0.2% of all tax payers worry about federal estate taxes these days, explains the article “Here are six ways the rich save big on taxes, from putting houses in trusts to guaranteeing inheritance for future generations” from Business Insider. Could some of their tactics work for “regular” people too?

Among these tax avoidance techniques include putting homes and vacation homes in trusts lasting decades and any appreciation in the property’s value doesn’t count towards their taxable estate. Qualified Personal Residence Trusts, or QPRTs, basically freeze the value of real estate properties for tax purposes. The home is placed in the trust, which retains ownership for however many years desired. When the trust ends, the property is transferred out of the taxable estate. The estate only pays the gift tax on the property’s value when the trust was formed—regardless of the appreciation of the home.

Dynasty trusts allow taxpayers to pass wealth to generations who haven’t been born yet and are only subject to the 40% generation-skipping tax once. Florida and Wyoming allow these trusts to last up to 1,000 years, which spans about 40 generations. Heirs don’t own the trust assets but have lifetime rights to the trust’s income and real estate.

Charitable Remainder Trusts (CRTs) can be funded with various assets, from yachts to closely held businesses. Taxpayers put assets in the trust, collect annual payments for as long as they live and get a partial tax break. Only 10% of what remains in the CRT must be donated to a charity to qualify with the IRS.

Taking loans to pay estate taxes is scrutinized by the IRS and has many hoops to jump through. Asset-rich people use this method but are cash-poor and facing a big estate tax bill. The estate can make an upfront deduction on the interest of “Graegin” loans, named after a 1988 Tax Court case. Suppose illiquid assets comprise at least 35% of the estate’s value. In that case, families can defer estate tax for as long as 14 years, paying in installments with interest and effectively taking a loan from the government. However, Graegin loans are prime targets for IRS auditors and can lead to legal battles.

Private-placement life insurance, or PPLI, can pass on assets without incurring any estate tax. A trust is created to own the life insurance policy, which has been created offshore. This strategy is only for the very wealthy, as it usually requires $5 million in upfront premiums and a small army of professionals to set up and administer.

A down market has one silver lining for high-net-worth individuals: it’s an excellent time to create new trusts, as people can transfer depressed assets at a lower tax basis. The Grantor-Retained Annuity Trust (GRAT) pays a fixed annuity during the trust term; any appreciation of the asset’s value is not subject to estate tax.

An experienced estate planning attorney will know which of these strategies might work for your family, along with many others used by “regular” people.

Questions? Contact us to schedule an initial call with one of our experienced estate planning attorneys.

Reference: Business Insider (June 12, 2023) “Here are six ways the rich save big on taxes, from putting houses in trusts to guaranteeing inheritance for future generations”

Sims & Campbell, LLC – Annapolis and Towson Estate Planning Attorneys

Can Trusts Help Create Wealth? – Annapolis and Towson Estate Planning

Trusts are the Swiss Army Knife of estate planning, perfect tools for specific directions on how your assets should be managed while you are living and after you have passed. A recent article titled “This Trust Can Help You Create a Financial Dynasty” from yahoo! finance explains how qualified perpetual trusts (also known as dynasty trusts) can offer more control over assets than other types of trusts.

What is a Dynasty Trust?

Called a Qualified Perpetual Trust or a Dynasty Trust, this trust is designed to let the grantor pass assets along to beneficiaries in perpetuity. Technically speaking, a dynasty trust could last for a century. They do not end until several years after the death of the last surviving beneficiary.

Why Would You Want a Trust to Last 100 Years?

Perpetual trusts are often used to keep family wealth out of probate for a long time. During probate, the court reviews the will, approves the executor and reviews an inventory of assets. Probate can be time consuming and costly. The will and all the information it contains becomes part of the public record, meaning that anyone can find out all about your wealth.

A trust is created by an experienced estate planning attorney. Assets are then transferred into the trust and beneficiaries are named. There should be at least one beneficiary and a secondary beneficiary, in case the first beneficiary predeceases the second. A trustee is named to oversee the assets. The language of the trust is where you set the terms for when and how assets are to be distributed to beneficiaries.

Directions for the trust can be as specific as you wish. Terms may be set requiring certain goals, stages of life, or ages for beneficiaries to receive assets. This amount of control is part of the appeal of trusts. You can also set terms for when beneficiaries are not to receive anything from the trust.

Let’s say you have two adult children in their 30s. You could set a condition for them to receive monthly payments from trust earnings and nothing from the principal during their lifetimes. The next generation, your grandchildren, can be directed to receive only earnings as well, further preserving the trust principal and ensuring its future for generations to come.

Dynasty trusts are irrevocable, meaning that once assets are transferred, the transfer is permanent. Be certain that any assets going into the trust will not be needed in the short or long run.

Be mindful if you chose to leave assets directly to grandchildren, skipping one generation, you risk the Generation Skipping Tax. There is no GST with a dynasty trust.

Assets in a trust are still subject to income tax, if they generate income. If you transfer assets creating little or no income, you can minimize this tax.

Not all states allow qualified perpetual trusts, while other states have used perpetual trusts to create a cottage industry for trusts. Your estate planning attorney will be able to advise the best perpetual trust for your situation.

Reference: yahoo! finance (July 12, 2022) “This Trust Can Help You Create a Financial Dynasty”

 

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How to Plan in a Time of Uncertainty – Annapolis and Towson Estate Planning

There’s a saying in estate planning circles that the only people who pay estate taxes are those who don’t plan not to pay estate taxes. While this does not cover every situation, there is a lot of truth to it. A recent article from Financial Advisor entitled “Estate Planning In This Particular Time of Uncertainty” offers strategies and estate planning techniques to be considered during these volatile times.

Gifting Assets into Irrevocable Trusts to Benefit Family Members. If done correctly, this serves to remove the current value and all future appreciation of these assets from your estate. With the federal estate tax exemption ending at the end of 2025, the exemption will drop from $12.06 million per person to nearly half that amount.

Combine this with a time of volatile asset prices and it becomes fairly obvious: this would be a good time to take investments with a lowered value out of the individual owner’s hands and gift them into an irrevocable trust. The lower the value of the asset at the time of the gift, the less the amount of the lifetime exemption that needs to be used. If assets are expected to recover and appreciate, this strategy makes even more sense.

Spousal Limited Access Trust (SLAT). This may be a good time for a related technique, the SLAT, an irrevocable trust created by one spouse to benefit the other and often, the couple’s children. Access to income and principal is created during the spouse’s lifetime. It can even be drafted as a dynasty trust. Assets can be gifted out of the estate to the trust and while the grantor (the person creating the trust) cannot be a beneficiary, their family can. Couples may also create reciprocating SLATs, where each is the beneficiary of the other’s trust, as long as they are careful not to create duplicate trusts, which have been found invalid by courts. Talk with an experienced estate planning attorney about how a SLAT may work for you and your spouse.

What about interest rates? A Grantor Retained Annuity Trust (GRAT), where the grantor contributes assets and enjoys a fixed annuity stream for the life of the trust, may be advantageous now. At the end of the trust term, remaining assets are distributed to family members or a trust for their benefit. To avoid a gift tax on the calculated remainder, due when the trust is created, most GRATs are “zeroed out,” that is, the present value of the annuity stream to the grantor is equal to the amount of the initial funding of the trust. Since you get back what’s been put in, no taxable gift occurs. The lower the interest rate, the higher the value of the income stream. The grantor can take a lower annuity amount and with decent appreciation of assets in the trust, there will be a larger amount as a remainder for heirs. Interest rates need to be considered when looking into GRATs.

Qualified Personal Residence Trust (QPRT) is a trust used to transfer a primary residence to beneficiaries with minimal gift tax consequences. The grantor retains the right to live in the house at no charge for a certain period of time. After the time period ends, the property and any appreciation in value passes to beneficiaries. The valuation for the value of the initial transfer into the trust for gift tax purposes is determined by a calculation relying heavily on interest rates. In this case, a higher interest rate results in a lower present value of the remainder and a lower gift value when the trust is created.

Reference: Financial Advisor (July 8, 2022) “Estate Planning In This Particular Time of Uncertainty”

 

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What Is a Dynasty Trust? – Annapolis and Towson Estate Planning

Do not be put off by the term “dynasty.” Just as every person has an estate, even if they do not live in a million-dollar home, every person who owns assets could potentially have a dynasty trust, even if they do not rule a continent. If you have assets that you wish to pass to others, you need an estate plan and you may also benefit from a dynasty trust, says this recent article from Kiplinger, “A Smart Option for Transferring Wealth Through Generations: The Dynasty Trust.”

When parents die, assets are typically transferred to their descendants. In most cases, the assets are transferred directly to the heirs, unless a trust has been created. Estate taxes must be paid, usually from the assets in the estate. Inheritances are divided according to the will, after the taxes have been paid, and go directly to the beneficiary, who does what they want with the assets.

If you leave assets outright to heirs, when the beneficiary dies, the assets are subject to estate taxes again. If assets are left to grandchildren, they are likely to incur another type of taxes, called Generation Skipping Transfer Taxes (GSTT). If you want your children to have an inheritance, you will need to do estate planning to minimize estate tax liability.

If you own a Family Limited Partnership (FLP) or a Limited Liability Company (LLC), own real estate or have a large equity portfolio, you may have the ability to use gifting and wealth transfer plans to provide for your family in the future. You may be able to do this without losing control of the assets.

The “dynasty trust,” named because it was once used by families like the DuPont’s and Fords, is created to transfer wealth from generation to generation without being subject to various gift, estate and/or GSTT taxes for as long as the assets remain in the trust, depending upon applicable state laws. A dynasty trust can also be used to protect assets from creditors, divorcing spouses and others seeking to make a claim against the assets.

Many people use an Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust (ILIT) and transfer the assets free of the trust upon death. Most living trusts are transferred without benefit of being held within trusts.

A dynasty trust is usually created by the parents and can include any kind of asset—life insurance, securities, limited partnership interests, etc.—other than qualified retirement plans. The assets are held within the trust and when the grantor dies, the trust automatically subdivides into as many new trusts as the number of beneficiaries named in the trust. It is also known as a “bloodline” trust.

Let us say you have three children. The trust divides into three new trusts, dividing assets among the three. When those children die, the trust subdivides again for their children (grandchildren) in their own respective trusts and again, assets are divided into equal shares.

The trust offers broad powers for health, welfare, maintenance and support. The children can use the money as they wish, investing or taking it out. When created properly, the assets and growth are both protected from estate taxes. You will need a trustee, a co-trustee and an experienced estate planning attorney to draft and execute this plan.

Reference: Kiplinger (Oct. 2, 2021) “A Smart Option for Transferring Wealth Through Generations: The Dynasty Trust”

 

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Use A Dynasty Trust to Protect Your Wealth – Annapolis and Towson Estate Planning

Using an irrevocable trust ensures a far smoother transition of assets than a will and also offers significant tax savings and far more privacy, control and asset protection, begins the article “Dynasty Trusts: Best Way to Protect Family Wealth” from NewsMax.

Just as their name implies, a dynasty trust is king of all trust types. It gives the family the most benefits in all of these areas. Still not convinced? Here are a few reasons why the dynasty trust is the best estate planning strategy for families who want to preserve an estate across many generations.

Most trusts provide for the transfer of assets from one benefactor to the next generation, at most two or three generations. A dynasty trust can last for hundreds of years. This offers tax advantages that are far superior than others.

Under the new tax laws, an individual can gift or bequeath up to $11.4 million during their lifetime, tax free. After that limit, any further transfer of assets are subject to gift and estate taxes. That same transfer limit applies whether assets are left directly via a will or indirectly through a trust. However, in a direct transfer or trust, these assets may be subject to estate taxes multiple times.

If a grantor transfers assets into a dynasty trust, those assets become the property of the trust, not of the grantor or the grantor’s heirs. Because the trust is designed to last many generations, the estate tax is only assessed once, even if the trust grows to be worth many times more than the lifetime exclusion.

Not all states permit the use of dynasty trusts. However, five states do allow them, while six others allow trusts with lifespans of 360 years or more. An experienced estate planning attorney will know if your state permits dynasty trusts and will help you set one up in a state that does allow them if yours does not. Nevada, Ohio and South Dakota provide especially strong asset protection for dynasty trusts.

Because dynasty trusts are passed down from generation to generation, trust assets are not subject to the generation-skipping transfer tax. This tax is notorious for complicating bequeathals to grandchildren and others who are not immediate heirs.

When the dynasty trust is created, the grantor designates a trustee who will manage trust funds. Usually the trustee is a banker or wealth manager, not a trust beneficiary. The grantor can exert as much control as desired over the future of the trust by giving specific instructions for distributions. The trustee may only give distributions for major life events, or each heir may have a lifetime limit on distributions.

With these kinds of safeguards in place, a benefactor can ensure that the family’s wealth extends to many generations. Speak with an estate planning attorney to learn about the laws concerning dynasty trusts in your state and see if your family can obtain the benefits it offers.

Reference: NewsMax (September 16, 2019) “Dynasty Trusts: Best Way to Protect Family Wealth”

Sims & Campbell, LLC – Annapolis and Towson Estate Planning Attorneys

Why Should I Think About a Dynasty Trust? – Annapolis and Towson Estate Planning

A dynasty trust is a trust that lasts longer than one generation below that of the grantor. This trust can be a worthwhile estate planning tool for multi-generational families. Forbes’ recent article, “2 Reasons To Consider A Dynasty Trust” explains that dynasty trusts have two unique benefits that make them attractive.

Generation-Skipping Transfer Tax (GST) Exemption. According to the American Bar Association, the GST tax is imposed on asset transfers to grandchildren and more remote descendants that exceed the exemption limits. As a result, the transferor can’t avoid transfer taxes by “skipping” a generation. The GST is imposed, in addition to gift and estate taxes.

A person can give up to $11.4 million in assets (the GST tax-exempt amount) to a trust in 2019. Trust assets are protected from transfer taxation for as long as the trust document and state law permit it. A dynasty trust uses the federal GST tax exemption by taking family wealth out of the transfer tax system for as long as the trust is in existence; income and principal is used to benefit each succeeding generation.

An additional benefit is that the GST tax exemption can often be extended, by transferring assets subject to valuation discounts.

Grantor Trusts Provide More Tax Benefits. In most cases, grantor trusts treat the trust creator as the owner of the trust assets for income tax purposes. This allows the trust principal to grow free of income tax. Creating the trust as a grantor trust adds another level of tax benefit to a dynasty trust.

The estate planning benefits of the asset transfer are increased by the grantor making the income tax payments instead of the trust. In other words, the assets in the trust aren’t reduced by income taxes. Any income taxes paid by the grantor reduce the size of the grantor’s overall taxable estate when calculating estate taxes.

There are a number of strategies a person can implement using dynasty trusts. You can discuss all your choices with an experienced estate planning attorney.

Reference: Forbes (July 23, 2019) “2 Reasons To Consider A Dynasty Trust”

Sims & Campbell, LLC – Annapolis and Towson Estate Planning Attorneys